Use Of Literary Devices In Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Utilization Of Literary Devices In Julius Caesar Essay Creators utilize scholarly gadgets in their works for an assortment of reasons. Similar remains constant in Shakespeares Julius Caesar. The utilization of these gadgets affects the plots improvement. A few abstract gadgets can be seen in Julius Caesar, and they all affect the plot. Hinting is a key abstract gadget in the play. We see foretelling from the earliest starting point of the play, when the Soothsayer advises Caesar to Beware the Ides of March in Act I, Scene I, which happens to be the day that Caesar is killed. Calpurnia later dreams of Caesars demise, yet he doesn't regard her admonition. this not just mentions to us what will occur, however it likewise gives us how Caesars status and inner self are getting to his head. Anticipating gives us a trace of what is to come, and can likewise think about a character or characters. A second artistic gadget utilized in the play is the utilization of quips. A play on words is another component noted at an early stage in Julius Caesar. When Marullus addresses the Cobbler, the play on words starts. Shoemaker is intended to have two implications in this exchange: 1 a shoemaker and 2 a featherbrain. The Cobbler alludes to himself as a mender of terrible soles, playing with the word soles. Marullus deciphers the Cobbler as a mender of spirits. The utilization of jokes adds some light diversion to the play just as considering the characters of the play. This likewise shows the alleged high society can in any case be tricked by the plebeians. The use of plays on words adds to the account of Julius Caesar. During Antonys memorial service discourse, which is the peak of the play, a few scholarly gadgets are utilized, including logical addressing, mockery, and reiteration. Antony as often as possible uses the subject of Brutuss respect in executing Caesar to prevail upon the individuals of Rome. His redundancy of But Brutus is a fair man is utilized to convince the individuals that Brutus has fouled up. His whole discourse makes the individuals think: Has Brutus truly carried out something worth being thankful for? It is this utilization of abstract components which procures Antony the regard and faithfulness of the individuals. This, thusly, shapes the plot later in the play. This is perhaps the best case of how abstract gadgets affect the plot of a bit of writing. It is anything but difficult to see that scholarly gadgets not just make a story all the more fascinating and brilliant, yet additionally directly affect the plot of the piece. Shakespeare, similar to any essayist, utilizes these gadgets in his works. The utilization of artistic gadgets in writing is a need, and obviously Julius Caesar. is an astounding case of these methods being utilized.

Free Essays on Story Of An Hour

of Mrs. Mallard, one may arrive at the resolution that it was in reality loathsomeness and dissatisfaction the he was as yet fit as a fiddle. In the initial segment of the story, Mrs. Mallard discusses how she loved her significant other. She specifies that her better half â€Å"never looked spare with adoration upon her.† This remark drives the peruser to accept that her significant other was just kind and love to her. It likewise appears she cherishes him since she concedes that she will â€Å"weep when she saw the sort and delicate hand collapsed in death.† If he had ever been mean to her or hurt her in any case she would not show such a great amount of feeling at his burial service. In a similar inconspicuous manner as Chopin alludes to cherish, she gives us how troubled Mrs. Mallard was. At the point when she goes up to her room alone, the window can be taken as a portrayal with regards to what is coming down the road of her. Through the window she sees â€Å"trees each of the a quiver with the new spring life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and she smells â€Å"the flavorful breath of rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This all speaks to the new life that she might be going to begin, loaded with new things and new and various things. She seeks after every one of these things since she has been compelled to stay in a similar timetable and way of life for such a long time. She currently can be cheerful in her life and live it for her and nobody else. The concerns she had of her better half and what’d he state or never really activity of hers is currently not, at this point a consideration.... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written in the late 1800’s when male control was traditional. This short story delineates the run of the mill life and marriage of a lady in this time period. Most ladies had mistreated existences, and took into account their definitive spouses. One can derive, that Mrs. Mallard was attached to the foundation of marriage through her better half, society and the congregation. Chopin’s, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† communicates a woman’s want for autonomy. This is unmistakably apparent inside the physical, and passionate setting of the story. Inside the initial passages of the short story Chopin takes note of that Mrs. Mallard experiences heart inconvenience. The heart is an indispensable organ inside the human body however it is additionally the middle for one’s musings, sentiments, and feelings. Plainly, Mrs. Mallard’s central core were â€Å"aching†. Chopin noticed, that Mrs. Mallard experienced physical fatigue that pushed downward on her in the wake of hearing the updates on the demise of her significant other. The â€Å"dead weight† which pushed downward on her body squashed her own feeling of being. Clearly, Mrs. Mallard had a youthful, reasonable, and quiet face. This may demonstrate that she was genuinely youthful in age. Her physical traits may represent the status that she achieved inside her general public and marriage. Did they see this developed lady as an insignificant youngster with no dynamic force? Chopin takes note of that Mrs. Mallard’s hands would have been feeble, white, and thin One gets the psychological pictures of snow white, inert, super cold hands that have a place with a body. It foretells the inescapable demise that will happen all together for Mrs. Mallard to get her opportunity. It is possible that, she will give to get a definitive opportunity of endless life or Mr. Mallard will give and permit her to encounter â€Å"hands on† the world that encompassed her. Mrs. Mallard’s eyes were depicted as containing an empty gaze, and containing a look of dread. As the maxim goes, â€Å"The eye... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour In Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, one inquiry stays with the peruser in the wake of completing the story. What was the genuine explanation behind Mrs. Mallard’s demise? Was it the loathsomeness at seeing her significant other again or was it the delight of realizing he was alive? With a more profound investigate the activities and expressions of Mrs. Mallard, one may arrive at the resolution that it was in certainty ghastliness and disillusionment the he was as yet fit as a fiddle. In the initial segment of the story, Mrs. Mallard discusses how she loved her significant other. She specifies that her significant other â€Å"never looked spare with affection upon her.† This remark drives the peruser to accept that her better half was just kind and love to her. It additionally appears she adores him since she concedes that she will â€Å"weep when she saw the sort and delicate hand collapsed in death.† If he had ever been mean to her or hurt her in at any rate she would not show such a great amount of feeling at his memorial service. In a similar unobtrusive manner as Chopin alludes to adore, she gives us how despondent Mrs. Mallard was. At the point when she goes up to her room alone, the window can be taken as a portrayal regarding what is in store of her. Through the window she sees â€Å"trees each of the a quiver with the new spring life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and she smells â€Å"the delightful breath of rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This all speaks to the new life that she might be going to begin, brimming with new things and new and various things. She seeks after every one of these things since she has been compelled to stay in a similar timetable and way of life for such a long time. She presently can be upbeat in her life and live it for her and nobody else. The concerns she had of her significant other and what’d he state or never really activity of hers is currently not, at this point a consideration.... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The short story â€Å" Story of an Hour† composed by Kate Chopin happens in the mid 1900’s in the US. The story depends on a woman’s battle for opportunity in a period where their spouses stifled most ladies mentally, and in extracurricular exercises were uncommon for them to rehearse. The primary character, Louise Mallard, is a young lady who experiences a powerless heart and is going to recognize extremely hard data about her significant other. At some point, her husband’s companion Richard was at the paper office when unforeseen data showed up at the workplace. A train mishap had occur and his companion Brently Mallard was on the rundown of setbacks. Rapidly he advises the news to Josephine, who is Louise’s sister. Them two attempt to separate the news to Louise as delicate and indistinct as could reasonably be expected. At the point when she at long last comprehends the story she gets incapacitated. Following a couple of moments she burst into tears. In her mind everything has turned out badly, she feels relinquished and truly she has no vitality when she is in her sister’s arms. At that point, she tempests to her room alone and doesn’t let anyone to follow her. In her room, alone, acing at the window sitting at a convertible arm †seat. She despite everything feels tired in body and soul. At that point she rests, and starts thinking about the constraint and absence of opportunity of her ma rriage. She began to reflect. There was something that she has hanging tight for quite a while, however she is frightful and uncertain about it. At the point when she is thinking about her new life ahead, a word comes out of her mouth as she murmurs something that she doesn’t expect: â€Å"Free.† She rehashes this a few times and afterward she feels dread. This years she felt like a detainee, feeble against her better half and now, she is free finally. Her heart is pulsating quick and her blood is warm. As of now, Louse is glad her life has all the more importance she is currently free, something that the vast majority of the ladies in her occasions can... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The hero character Louise Mallard in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† depicts a wife’s surprising reaction to her husband’s passing. The storyteller reveals to the peruser unobtrusive however persuading insights regarding Mrs. Mallards newfound opportunity. This newfound opportunity would be fleeting for Mrs. Mallard. Mrs. Mallard, who experiences coronary illness, was depicted as a normal spouse who separates into an attack of misery from the portentous updates on her husband’s passing. She withdraws to her space to deal with the catastrophe yet finds rather something surprising in herself. The tears and feelings before long went to disarray as Mrs. Mallard came to understand the truth that she was not really crying over the loss of her significant other however of his demise. Mrs. Mallard concedes that Mr. Mallard is a decent spouse however that she despises the servitude of being a couple and she no longer needs the desire of another con strained upon her. The hour of her freshly discovered opportunity was uncovered w! hen she starts to murmur â€Å"free† again and again to indicate that she is not, at this point under the desire of someone else. The profundity of Louise’s servitude known as marriage was beyond what she could stand and she was wanting for a fleeting life simply the day preceding the mishap. With her spouses passing she was wanting for a long life to make the most of her recently discovered opportunity. Mr. Mallard isn't the dictator who holds Louise in this subjugation yet rather it was simply the establishment of marriage that entangles her. The symbolism in the story helps set her characters recently discovered opportunity from the trees â€Å"aquiver† with new life signifying her newly discovered life to the cloud’s shadow speaking to her wedded life throwing shadows on her joy. The contention that Louise Mallard feels isn't with her significant other or herself yet that of the social establishment of marriage. This contention was so significantly imb ued in Louise that when she finds that her better half was not dead and she was... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of and Hour†, manages feelings felt by one character that are totally misjudged by different characters in the story. Mrs. Mallard’s activities and how she is fondling end being very amusing and goes to a stun to the peruser. Updates on her husband’s demise had not yet arrived at Mrs. Mallard yet and loved ones needed to break the data to her as delicately as could be expected under the circumstances. The characters all realize that Mrs. Mallard experiences heart difficulty and any ups

Parental Punishment And Accountability For Child Misbehavior Young People Essay

Parental Punishment And Accountability For Child Misbehavior Young People Essay Presentation The idea of parental obligation laws at the end of the day, taking a harsher position toward guardians for an adolescents wrongdoing has made a lot of contention. On different hands, advocates guaranteed that guardians had the best possible impact over kids, and ought to be capable if guardians dont know where their youngsters are, or what they are doing, they are responsible for the childrens unlawful acts (Tyler et al, 2000). In any case, the individuals who point out that youngster doesnt figure out how to be considered responsible on the off chance that they carry out wrongdoings and even the strictest child rearing dont keep an adolescent from accomplishing something moronic or crazy. Others call attention to that by rebuffing guardians for what kids do, the main driver of the wrongdoing isnt revealed (Tyler et al, 2000).These contentions basically dont hold water. Parental responsibility is significant with regards to bringing up a kid. Surely young people (and teenagers) will get into wickedness. However, on the off chance that guardians are reluctant to assume liability for realizing what their youngsters are doing (or where their kids are), they should be rebuffed if their kids get out of hand, or regardless of whether they violate the law. Parental Influence on Children In spite of the fact that parental obligation laws are making a lot of debate, there is little uncertainty that guardians apply a gigantic effect on kids and their conduct. One research demonstrates that heavy drinkers were probably going to have guardians who were drunkards, while residential abusers were likely manhandled themselves as youngsters. Scholarly and explore writing contains an abundance of data binds parental impact to childrens conduct. In the region of friend impact, for instance, Chen et al (2007) note that, in an investigation among California and Wisconsin secondary school understudies, it was discovered that parental effect on peer connection despite everything is huge even as parental inclusion in youths lives decreases. In any case, it isnt just developing teenagers that react to parental impacts. Babies, even exceptionally youthful newborn children, react to parental pressure and respond to it (Molfese et al, 2010). Indeed, it has been uncovered that parental p ressure and additionally response can really affect jargon and subjective turn of events (Molfese et al, 2010). On the opposite side weve seen writing praising the positive advantages of apparatuses, for example, parental preparing on the achievement of kids. For instance, Sheely-Moore and Bratton (2010) examined how a family-situated, qualities based methodology toward working with lower-salary African American families helped bring up childrens grades while bringing down school discipline issues. The creators in this examination highlighted the need of positive parental association on childrens scholarly accomplishment and financial turn of events, however called attention to that parental contribution can be hard for the individuals who live in neediness (Sheely-Moore and Bratton, 2010). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that parental impact likewise has an effect on driving among their high school posterity (Crawford-Faucker, 2009). As indicated by the National Young Driver Survey (including 5,665 understudies in grades 9 through 11) child rearing styles definity affected decisions the youthful drivers made (Crawford-Faucker, 2009). The legitimate child rearing style consolidating passionate help with clear principles and observing had an unmistakable (and positive) impact on driving-related practices and different mentalities among young people (Crawford-Faucker, 2009). These teenagers had a lower crash chance, experienced less crashes as travelers and were twice as liable to wear safety belts as a driver (or traveler) at that point were adolescents with uninvolved guardians (Crawford-Faucker, 2009). Moreover, this gathering announced less liquor use (Crawford-Faucker, 2009). Be that as it may, unforgiving verbal and physical order isnt vital the best approach, either. McKee et al (2007) considered unforgiving verbal and physical control and youngster issue practices in an example of 2,582 guardians and their fifth and 6th grade kids. The discoveries demonstrated that the unforgiving order was related with kid conduct issues, with one component of positive child rearing parental warmth assisting with buffering youngsters from the more unfavorable impacts of the harsher physical control (McKee et al, 2007). In this area that guardians affect their children, regardless of whether those children are minor, vulnerable newborn children or insubordinate youngsters. Youngsters will in general copy their folks, for better or in negative ways. A few years back, the association Partnership for a Drug-Free America circulated a progression of commercials indicating a dad breaking into his children room, tranquilize gear in his grasp. Where did you get this? the dad roars. Where did you get this and how would you think about it?I think about it by watching you! the child shouts out. I watched you do it! The purpose of the business, obviously, is that youngsters will submit their general direction to their folks. On the off chance that guardians demonstration in a mindful way and own up to a mix-up or issue circumstance, kids will take that equivalent signal. Assuming, notwithstanding, guardians are imprudence and accused others for their own slip-ups, kids will do very similar things. Conversation The issue we have to address here, notwithstanding, is this isn't really a dark or white situation. Tyler et al (2000) call attention to that the parental obligation laws, in which guardians are accused of the wrongdoing submitted by their posterity, could wind up punishing poor people. In a poor family, the two guardians may be working leaving their youngsters to their own gadgets, essentially in light of the fact that they cannot bear the cost of kid care. Besides, if a youngster is reprobate, destitute individuals (from a certain perspective) will be unable to manage the cost of directing to discover the issue. Hardly any individuals need their kids to be reprobate (particularly lower-pay individuals). In any case, on the other hand, even among poor families, we discover that not all youngsters are reprobate. What is the contrast between the polite offspring of less fortunate families and the individuals who carry on? Single word: Parenting. Regardless of whether there isnt a male good example in the house, commonly, the matron of the family takes a severe position among her posterity, causing a ruckus if the posterity stumble into difficulty. Besides, there are assets for guardians of lower pay families to discover help for their kids if there are issues. In spite of the fact that experiencing legislative formality can be a problem to discover an advisor, a network office or even strict association authority can be of incredible assistance in a region, for example, this. The point here is that there is actually no reason for the parent not to find support if the youngster demonstrations out.What about if the childs mother is minimal in excess of a kid herself? On the off chance that this is a circumstance of a high school mother who doesnt realize how to parent, the circumstance changes a bit, however not a ton. The teenager mother despite everything should be punished, and afterward should be commanded to go to child rearing classes. Inability to do so is the youngster mothers decision and if the teenager mother doesnt go to classes, this tells the law implementation authorities that her disobedience could be given to he r kids. Neediness isnt something to be thankful for and it makes things troublesome, particularly in accordance with the parent-youngster relationship. Be that as it may, to utilize that pardon not to charge guardians for a childs lead is passing on obligation. Such a circumstance may fill in as a reminder for the youngster, yet the parent who is engaged with the childs childhood. End Child rearing isn't a simple activity and there is nothing more baffling than got notification from the school or from the police that ones kid is in a tough situation. Moreover, there are the individuals who point to the way that attempting to deal with a boisterous group is extreme, and its not the guardians duty if the high schooler gets into trouble.But this isnt valid. Weve appeared, through the writing, that guardians have effect on their youngsters, regardless of whether their adolescents dont appear to listen them. Guardians who hold addressing to their children about the shades of malice of medications and liquor misuse are probably going to have children who grow up hating both of those substances. Be that as it may, if kids see their folks unreservedly dependent in liquor (or medications), the children will wonder why not? what's more, proceed do something very similar. Parental obligation laws arent intended to be vindictive, nor are they intended to thrash on guardians. What they are attempting to do is to assist guardians with showing their children some duty. Indeed, even guardians in destitution stricken families have a decision with respect to how they bring up their children. On the off chance that they settle on an inappropriate decision, and the children violate laws therefore, the guardians should be considered mindful.

A Snapshot of Princeton University (Including Tips on How to Get Into Princeton)

Princeton University, located in central New Jersey, is the fourth-oldest college in the United States and a member of the prestigious Ivy League. Princeton is, in the college’s own words, â€Å"distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching.† Princeton’s over 5,000 undergraduates may work toward a bachelor of arts in any of 31 disciplines. Alternatively, students may pursue a bachelor of science in engineering. Princeton also offers 53 certificate programs that can be completed in addition to the student’s major field of study. How does this commitment to teaching manifest itself to incoming undergraduates? â€Å"Happy students! That is Princeton’s best-kept secret,† emphasizes a representative of Princeton’s admissions staff. â€Å"We make sure our students receive as much support as we can give them, socially as well as academically.† The more than 70 freshman seminars Princeton offers serve as an example that combines both types of support. These are small classes that give students the chance to develop relationships and exchange ideas with classmates and professors. The topics of these seminars are thought-provoking and vary from â€Å"Life in a Nuclear-Armed World† to â€Å"Flirtation or Seduction?† The university’s website mentions that lecture hall courses are scaled down as well—and that â€Å"at Princeton, no one gets lost in the crowd.† â€Å"We have many student centers,† continues the admissions representative. â€Å"We pride ourselves on our student diversity and our efforts to support every group and every individual.† A look at Princeton’s campus organizations indeed reveals the Fields Center for Equality and Cultural Understanding, the Women’s Center, the Davis International Center, Institutional Equity and Diversity at Princeton, and other groups where students can go to feel nurtured and encouraged. Princeton University also has the desire to help undergraduates financially, as much as possible. Princeton’s college admissions rep explains: â€Å"All of our financial aid is needs-based rather than merit-based. Students are admitted ‘needs blind.’ We cannot promise that financial aid will cover 100% of every family’s needs, but lowest level income students will find money no barrier.† Princeton supplies a helpful Financial Aid Estimator on its website for students and their families to use. A look at Princeton University’s financial aid page reveals an encouraging statistic: 84% of recent seniors graduated debt-free. If you're curious how to get into Princeton, a word or two of advice about applicationsfrom Princeton’s Office of Admission: â€Å"Proofread! Something as small as an incorrectly capitalized letter can catch an admissions officer’s eye.† Mistakes in punctuation, spelling, and grammar are not minor issues that are somehow canceled out by the brilliant ideas in the application. Attention to detail shows a student’s willingness to take pains to reach his or her goal—acceptance! This piece of advice is echoed by a recent NPR article, What the People Who Read Your College Application Really Think. In it, Kirk Carapezza advises students not to â€Å"phone it in† with a â€Å"sloppy, half-baked essay.† These recommendations only make sense. If you wanted to look your best, you wouldn’t just put on whatever you found on the floor of your closet. If you were in a school play, you wouldn’t refuse to go to rehearsal because you thin k â€Å"I’m so much more talented than everybody else.† Effort counts. You may be aware of the pitfalls of a too-casual approach to the application process, but surprisingly, not every applicant gets it. Carapezza presents a student whose application â€Å"comes off just a bit arrogant.† Princeton admissions, more diplomatically, refers to situations like these as â€Å"students not striking an appropriate tone.† No matter how it’s described, the end result of not taking pains with the application is not good for the person who wants to be admitted. One of the best moves a student interested in Princeton University can make is this: learn more. Go to Princeton’s website and take advantage of the abundant information there. Read some of the profiles of members of the community. Look at the public events scheduled and see if they look inviting. Learn the details of the application process. Take a campus tour. In short, find out not only if you are right for Princeton, but if Princeton is right for you! Remember, A+ Test Prep and Tutoring is always here to help make the testing process as easy and stress-free as possible so you can focus on things like finding the right school for you and your family. We help you determine which test—the SAT or the ACT—is better aligned with your strengths, and we match you with tutors who can teach you both content and testing strategies to help you attain your â€Å"personal best† score. If you would like more information on anything related to testing or your college career, our Client Service Directors—Anne Stanley, and Susan Ware—are available to answer questions, provide solutions, and assist you in achieving your educational goals. You may reach any of our directors by calling A+ Test Prep and Tutoring at 215-886-9188. *Photo courtesy of Jon Niola

Coco Chanel a Fashion Icon Legacy Essay example - 2194 Words

Coco Chanel: A Fashion Icon Legacy Thinking of fashion, many names come into mind: Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Dior, Burberry, Marc Jacobs, and Yves Saint Laurent, but the one that sticks out over all of these seems to constantly be Chanel. Chanel’s story is most inspiring due to her journey; she was not born into the glamour life. Chanel had to work for success, coming up from impoverishment, not even bringing a family with her out of it. She was to be the name on the company, the one that will be admired and noted for the work she did and the obstacles she overcame. Coco Chanel’s hardships not only shaped her future and designs, but they revolutionized fashion and created an iconic image and company that will not be forgotten. Stricken†¦show more content†¦She found the help â€Å"[in 1992,] . . . from Pierre Wertheimer to market [the] fragrance† (IDCH). She made an agreement with the Wertheimers, selling clothes under the Chanel name, but designing her business as a separate company. Though the Wertheimer family would control the Chanel brand finances, the drive and vision came from Coco (International . . . 2). In 1922, Theophile Bader, French department store chain Galaries Lafayette founder, introduced Coco to Ernst Wertheimer’s son, Pierre (International . . . 2). In 1921, the family and Coco were introduced through desperation of a business partner as she â€Å"sought financial help, [and] . . . Pierre Wertheimer wanted to help her succeed,† so he founded Parfums, retaining 70 percent ownership, giving 20 percent to Bader, and leaving Coco Chanel with a measly 10 percent (International . . . 2). Introducing other fragrances including No. 5 in 1929, she operated a fashion studio near the Louvre in Paris, but â€Å"the personal relationship between Coco Chanel and Pierre Wertheimer deteriorated† (International . . . 2). Coco Chanel felt the exploitation from the family that would eventually lead her to hiring an attorney to renegotiate agreements, as she felt that she had unwittingly signed away the rights to her own name† (International . . . 2). By the time Coco secured another lover, Hans Gunther von Dincklage, a German Military officer, she had fired many of her employees and shut downShow MoreRelatedCoco Chanel and Fashion Essay994 Words   |  4 Pages Coco Chanel, born Gabrielle Bonhuer Chanel, on August 19, 1883 in Saumur, France was an amazing woman who redefined fashion as we know it today. She was a clothing designer who revolutionized the fashion industry with her suits, little black dresses, and avant garde flare. Because of this quickly in her young life she became well know, and rose to be the fashion icon that she is today. From the timeless designs that are still popular to this day, and the sophisticated outfits that can be pairedRead MoreChanel1024 Words   |  5 PagesCoco Chanel Fashion designer. Born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. With her trademark suits and little black dresses, Coco Chanel created timeless designs that are still popular today. She herself became a much revered style icon known for her simple yet sophisticated outfits paired with great accessories, such as several strands of pearls. As Chanel once said,â€Å"luxury must be comfortable, otherwise it is not luxury.† Her early years, however, were anything but glamorous. After her mother’sRead MoreBeyond the No.5: The life of the legend Coco Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pageswish to come true. Coco Chanel didn’t simply make her fantasies come alive. This woman single handedly revolutionized and transmuted the fashion industry. Epitomizing her own words, â€Å"In order to be irreplaceable one must be different†, Chanel eradicated her opponents with her bold and unique ideas. From modest beginnings to affluent ends, it’s undeniable that fashion icon Coco Chanel has fabricated the very principles of our Fashion Industry today and created an everlasting legacy for eras to comeRead MoreCoco Chanel1588 Words   |  7 PagesCoco Chanel: Most influential women’s fashion designer The designs created by Coco Chanel have had the greatest impact on women’s fashion. Her designs are classic, timeless, and still very popular today. All of her accomplishments were because of her hard work, dedication, and being her own person. Gabrielle â€Å"Coco† Chanel was born on August 19, 1883 in Saumur, France. (A+E Television Networks, LLC â€Å"Coco Chanel Biography†) When Chanel was twelve years old, her mother, Jeanne Devolle, past awayRead MoreAnalysis Of Coco Chanel s Influence On The Fashion World2029 Words   |  9 PagesRevolutionary Chanel Coco Chanel is one of the most powerful women and icon in art history because of her ability to design and innovate new fashion, create her own company logo and by building a multibillion dollar company that still thrives today. From the beginning of her career, Coco Chanel has influenced culture and the fashion world, and continues to long after her passing. Chanel wanted to orchestrate fashion and function. â€Å"Luxury must be comfortable otherwise it is not luxury (Chanel).† HerRead MoreCoco Chanels Influence on Womens Rights2572 Words   |  11 PagesInvestigation Coco Chanel was not the typical feminist that campaigned for suffrage or sexual freedom, yet she had a profound impact on the European feminist movement by redefining the woman’s role in society through revolutionizing women’s fashion. Chanel was the first couture fashion designer to cater to the independent European woman, rejecting the corset and, instead, promoting less binding, â€Å"boyish† attire for the modern, working woman. To determine the extent to which Coco Chanel influenced theRead MoreFashion in the 1920s1245 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Fashion in the 1920’s Fashion became a large influence on women in the 1920’s. This allowed women to become independent and free from the society. Many designers such as, Coco Chanel, Jeanne Lanvin and Salvatore Ferragamo have made an enormous impact on the evolution of women’s clothing. Styles of clothing have changed overtime, especially during the 1920’s era. During this time, hemlines became shorter, clothing was more revealing, women dressed freely and the sophistication and eleganceRead MoreGabrielle Bonheur Coco Chanel637 Words   |  2 PagesGabrielle Bonheur â€Å"Coco† Chanel is one of the greatest fashion inventors of all time. In her early life as a child, she was put in an orphanage by her father after her mother’s death. Her father worked as a peddler and didn’t make enough money to take care of her. He barely made enough money to keep himself alive. The nuns of her orphanage taught her how to sew which became a vital know-how for her career later o n. To earn money to live on her own, she started a singing career at local clubs in VichyRead MoreChanel Analysis Swot, 6 Ps5076 Words   |  21 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 From Coco to Karl - A Legend lives on 3 The 6 P’s 8 Product 8 Price 10 Place 11 Promotion 12 People 13 Positioning 13 Benchmarking 16 SWOT-Analysis 19 Micro economical analysis 19 Macro economical analysis 22 Recommendations 24 Conclusion 25 INTRODUCTION Elegance, wealth, high class and originality; these are the first words which come to mind, when thinking of Chanel. We as a group decided to choose Chanel as our subject, because of several reasons and questionsRead MoreThe Leadership Style of Walt Disney3476 Words   |  14 Pagesleadership style of Gabrielle Coco Chanel 1. Introduction The daughter of a French farmer, Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel (1883-1971) worked hard her entire life to overcome her humble origins and advance on the socio-economic ladder. She was a role model for the women of the day and she continues to inspire young women today. Coco Chanel is mostly remembered as the founder of the Chanel brand, which continues to be a leading fashion brand, but also as the reshaper of womens fashion after the World War I

Kurt Vonnegut First Generation German American Parents

Grogan 1 Faith Grogan Mrs. L. V. Mason Advanced Placement English 12 April 1, 2017 Rough Draft Kurt Vonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 11, 1922. His parents, Edith and Kurt Sr. were third-generation German-American parents. Vonnegut was raised without any knowledge of the German Language. Edith the daughter of Albert Lieber, a millionaire and Indianapolis brewer while Kurt Sr. an architect. The only profound name on Kurt Sr, side was his great-grandfather Clemens Vonnegut, founder of Vonnegut s Hardware Store. Kurt Vonnegut graduated from Shortridge High School, after which he then entered Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York to study biochemistry. A year after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the†¦show more content†¦PTSD Supporting- PTSD is a commonly known anxiety disorder that develops in the brain after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm or threat resulted. Vonnegut used his books as a coping mechanism for himself. In his seventh novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, is the story of about the protagonist Billy Pilgrim, a decidedly non-heroic man who has become unstuck in time. He travels back and forth in time, visiting all the moments in between repeatedly his birth and death, out of order. The book’s success rose from its ability to offer a little something to everyone. The book was hailed to be one of the most accessible counter cultural event in a very confusing year. The novel is framed by Chapters One and Ten, in which Vonnegut himself talks about the difficulties of writing the novel and the effects of Dresden on his own life. In between, Billy Pilgrim s life is given to us out of order and in small fragments. Common signs of PTSD are reliving the event through upsetting thoughts, flashbacks, or having very strong mental and physical reactions if something reminds the person of the event. Feeling that one can never relax and must be on guard all the time to protect oneself, trouble sleeping, feeling irritable, overreacting when startled, angry outbursts or trouble concentrating. Similarities in his books Supporting- In Kurt VonnegutShow MoreRelated Biography of Kurt Vonnegut2381 Words   |  10 PagesKurt Vonnegut Jr. was born to third-generation German American parents in the city of Indianapolis, year 1922, November 11th. While at Shortridge High School in Indianapolis, Vonnegut was heavily involved with the school’s daily newspaper, the first and only daily high school newspaper in our nation. During his time at Cornell University, Vonnegut became the school paper’s senior editor. World War II then began, and so Vonnegut joined our nation’s armed forces. Mother’s Day came in 1944, and duringRead More Brief Biography of John Steinbeck Essay3594 Words   |  15 Pageson February 27, 1902, and lived there for the first sixteen years of his life until he graduated from Salinas High School in 1918. He took classes at Stanford, but spent more of his college years working to pay tuition than then he spent in the classroom. 1924 brou ght his first publication, two short stories in the Standford Spectator, but in 1925 he left his schooling and went to New York for a time. By 1926, he was back in California and his first book, Cup of Gold, was published the year the ofRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 Pageselements including subjects and genres not previously deemed fit for literature. A list of postmodern authors often varies; the following are some names of authors often so classified, most of them belonging to the generation born in the interwar period: William Burroughs (1914-1997) Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007), John Barth (b. 1930), Donald Barthelme (1931-1989), E. L. Doctorow (b. 1931), Robert Coover (1932), Jerzy Kosinski (1933-1991) Don DeLillo (b. 1936), Thomas Pynchon (b. 1937), Ishmael Reed (1938)

Conference on Educational Media and Technology †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Conference on Educational Media and Technology. Answer: Introduction: I am an all rounded and flexible individual who is self-managed. I have the driving force to deliver the utmost production from my effort. I have ultimately gained all the experience needed for sales and marketing. I believe in team success. In a situation where shots are brought together then great success is in waiting. Working smart is my number one policy as I apply work ethics and codes in whatever case I face in the field. The gearing force towards my rapid success in my day to day activities is attributed to the positive attitude that I have towards any task assigned regardless of the intensity. Thus evident in my success both in the work environment and outside the work environment. I went to Shiners College and studied business management specializing in sales and marketing. My hard work and determination bore me brilliance as I passed with flying colors attaining 3.7/4.0 in my final G.P.A. This is where my communications skills were nurtured. Here I equipped myself with computer skills mainly word and excel. This was one of the essential influences of my urge for customer satisfaction as I persuade clients with my abilities to be satisfied with my services. I actively engaged in debates. My outstanding communication skills made me reach the nationals during the debate student of the year competitions. The precedent in college has made me succeed in my endeavors. Self-evaluation and determination have been my surviving tool in success. Thus the level of my communication skills had no one to compete me, thanks to frequent practices and researching widely on the use of grammar in an organized manner. This was attributed to my proficiency and the steady flow of li nguistics quo. The passion for linguistics attracted my attention into pursuing part-time lectures in journalism. Dynamic changes occur rapidly in sales and marketing. I have explicit knowledge of the changes that occur and how into developing stronger interpersonal relationships to foster a stronger environment for working. My pride will be to enhance personalities who are keen in a team playing for maximum production so they will impact sales and marketing. My professional goals and achievements are to empower the sales community. I am looking forward to creating an all-inclusive environment that will be conducive to all team players Salespeople find it very difficult to cope up with the prevailing conditions in the job environment. Sales and marketing involve many multitasks which the salesperson has to make a balance for maximum optimization. Ranging from receiving closing calls, business calls and even calls to notify them of their qualifications. There are many prospects in sales which have to address with utmost professionalism and urgency. Responding to the possibilities loses the prospects base. Despite all the many tasks to do, the salespeople have to send all of them simultaneously. This may be disadvantageous because a loss in the customer base may occur due to lack of the required attention. It's a proved uphill task for salespersons to efficiently balance this. Thus resulting in many salespersons to hang boots due to multitasking in the field as is seems tiresome. Salesforce engages a marketing automation tool that efficiently resolves the difficulty. Many tasks can now be managed easily with fewer efforts in prospecting activities. Salesforce employs the variable tags which enable the sending of several emails at a time. This personalizes the data sent thus enhancing the multitasking of operations. Salespersons when using the sales engage can now address more than one opportunity thus clearly giving time and space for effective management of the task force. The automation tools will, therefore, improve the operations in the field. However much difficult it is to address all prospects at a time, sales engage swiftly enables the communication to many opportunities at a time. The sales persons can also introduce the approved market data which is spread quickly. The result will be higher sales as the sales would have been aligned together with the marketing group. This is attributed to the design specification of sales engage the tool. For practical application of salesforce engage automation, the precise plan has to be rolled out. Beta prototypes have to be created to better the automation tool. This is usually done by a developer. However, a few people have to be employed so that the task of growing the app is successful. From the app, personalized content can be sent to reach out several prospects in the market field. Several tests will have to be undertaken by the IT specialists to ensure the app efficiently supports the sales automation tool so that marketing information can be shared easily with the sales team. Bibliography White, S., 2017. Write a LinkedIn profile that draws in recruiters. Journal of Accountancy, 223(2), p.20. Gera, R., Libertini, J.M., Roginski, J.W., and Zupancic, A., 2017. The Network Profile Summary: exploring network science through the lens of student motivation. Journal of Complex Networks. Miall, A.D., 1977. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: a summary. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H. and Johnson, D.E., 2007. Management of organizational behavior (Vol. 9). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hafner, A., 1990. A Profile of the American Eighth Grader: NELS: 88 Student Descriptive Summary. National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. Ibrahim, R.A., Berman, D.M., DePril, V., Humphrey, R.W., Chen, T., Messina, M., Chin, K.M., Liu, H.Y., Bielefield, M. and Hoos, A., 2011. Ipilimumab safety profile: Summary of findings from completed trials in advanced melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 29(15_suppl), pp.8583-8583. Fitzpatrick, C., 2017, June. Online Classroom Project: Writing Digital Profile Summaries. In EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology (pp. 778-782). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Spiller, W., Davies, N.M., and Palmer, T.M., 2017. Software Application Profile: robust-a tool for performing two-sample summary Mendelian randomization analyses. bioRxiv, p.142125.

Prostitution Should Be Legal Essays - Sex Industry, Prostitution

Prostitution Should be Legal Referred to as the "oldest profession", prostitution ". . . has long been a problem which has provoked and disturbed Americans" (Kinsie 3). "Prostitution [is] the performance of sexual acts, solely for the purpose of material gain" (James [NA]). Prostitution remains, excepted and considered normal in some cultures. No gender specifics exist for prostitutes , but female prostitutes comprise the majority of prostitutes. A person male and married characterizing the majority of prostitutes clients, commonly referred to as a "John". Surprisingly, but true, US prostitutes work legally in some areas. "Prostitution is currently illegal in all 50 states" (Flowers 8), with the exception of 12 rural counties in Nevada. A variety of different types of prostitutes exist: streetwalkers, call girls, massage parlor/brothel/in house prostitutes, madams, indentured sex slaves, escort service prostitutes, professional dominatrics, homeless, drug addicted and part time prostitutes (Flowers 18, 19). In 1995, approximately 95,000 arrests were made (70% female prostitutes, 20% male prostitutes and 10% customers), mostly streetwalkers; a misdemeanor typically resulting in a fine, occasionally a 30-day jail term. More importantly than numbers, what motivates one to choose a career of prostitution? Perhaps persuasion, coercion, abuse, addiction or poor conditions/lifestyle and the financial lure. Legalizing prostitution ensures regulation and taxation, allowing the police to deal with more violent crimes and reduce the abuse of prostitutes by "Pimps". There remain many reasons why one may favor the illegal status of prostitution. Some see the "profession" as exploitive to women, a ". . . form of sexual slavery" (Abraham 1). Feminists claim that prostitution reinforces the status that women represent objects, undoing the prevails of women in the past. Yet still, many believe in neo-Victorism, a condescending belief that prostitutes are unaware of their action and need someone with more education to protect them (Abraham 1). Much of the public describes the profession of prostitution as dirty, immoral and degrading. For many, prostitution results in a destructive, abusive "career" in which Pimps, those who "own" and distribute prostitutes for the benefit of financial gain, and Johns abuse and violate women. Prostitution also greatly affects the community and the public. Those who use prostitutes for their pleasure risk the contraction of diseases, thus spreading with each new sexual partner, endangering the lives of many. Although valid reasons justify why one would want to keep prostitution with an illegal status, the benefits far out way the negative aspects of prostitution. Legalizing the profession increases the quality of lives for those who partake in prostitution as a career and those who "use" the business they offer. Legalization of prostitution allows regulation, requiring medical examination of prostitutes on a regular basis, helping to reduce the transfer of STDs and communicable diseases. According to the US Department of Health, 3% to 5% of STDs in the United States are linked to prostitutes (Prostitution in the US . . . [NA]). These relatively small numbers results in a "domino effect". If someone contracts a disease during an interlude with a prostitute, each sexual partner thereafter carries the potential risk of "contamination". In addition, the health of prostitutes most likely increases. Early detection and treatment of STDs, diseases or illnesses, and drug addiction constitute likely results of prostitution legalization. These actions increase the likelihood of prostitutes' good health, resulting in a safer environment for their clients as well. Exploitation from pimps eliminates with the legalization of prostitution. Pimps usually take a large portion of the prostitutes profit, up to 50% and sometimes more. This exploitation includes abuse, both physical and mental, often leading to murder. A legal status of prostitution allows prostitutes to work for themselves, or in a safe, controlled environment, such as a licensed brothel. Legalization allows for taxation of prostitution wages, like any other employment. Taxation of prostitution results in increased taxes collected by cities, counties and states. By taxation, prostitutes enjoy the benefits of unemployment insurance, disability insurance and social security, thus ensuring prostitutes the choice of continuing or discontinuing their career in prostitution. Cities, counties and states profit by taxation and legalizing prostitution results in a reduction of criminal prosecution costs. "Average arrest, court [and] incarceration costs amount to nearly $2000 per arrest. Cities spend an average of $7.5 million on prostitution control every year. Ranging from $1 million (Memphis) to $23 million (New York)" (Prostitution in the US. . . [NA]). This extra money and time provides police more time to deal with and prosecute violent crimes. The elimination of the prosecution of prostitutes saves time and money for the justice system

Examine how Valvular heart valve disease has caused a major problem worldwide The WritePass Journal

Examine how Valvular heart valve disease has caused a major problem worldwide Introduction: Examine how Valvular heart valve disease has caused a major problem worldwide Introduction:Definition:Cellular sources:Biomaterials:Sterilization methods:Pre-clinical trials:Biomechanical culture:Commercialized products:Challenges:Conclusion:REFERENCES:Related Introduction: Valvular heart valve disease caused a major problem worldwide, result in increasing rate of morbidity and mortality (Rashid et al., 2004). Each of the four valves of heart can be affected by dysfunction (Mol et al., 2009). The common solution is the replacement of diseased valves either mechanical or bioprostheses. However, they are associated with shortcoming. Patients with mechanical valves are associated with long term of anticoagulation therapy which leads in higher risk of complications (Hjortnaes et al., 2009).   Bioprosthetic valves are less durable, enable to grow and repair and lead to calcification. Moreover, they are associated with reoperation especially with young patients. None of these valves are capable to restore native valves functions.   To overcome replacement shortage of heart valve, in the mid of 1980s in the USA, tissue engineering concept was proposed as alternative solution and has the capability to produce autologous heart valves (Matsumura, 2003). Definition: Tissue engineering of heart valves is manipulation of biological molecules and cells for the purpose of creating new structures capable of metabolic activity. (Vesely, 2005). Approaches: Worldwide, two main approaches have been used to achieve the desirable and clinical needs of heart valves; regeneration and repopulation (Vesely, 2005). In the first approach, decellularized xenograft (ECM proteins; collagen or fibrin) or allograft served as valve biological scaffold, mixed with autologous cells (myofibroblast and endothelial) has been seeded in vitro (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006), (Neuenschwander, 2004). However, limitations of this approach are; the construct lack the ability to grow, long term mechanical properties could alter physical properties of the native valves and a possibility of disease transmission (Neuenschwander, 2004). Moreover, inflammatory reaction due to ECM proteins used may deteriorate the scaffold result in biomechanical damage (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). A biodegradable synthetic scaffold is the traditional approach in which cells of a specific phenotype are transplanted onto a bioresorbable scaffold in the shape of heart valves (Vesely, 2005).These biocompatible materials offer several advantages; Due to degradation products, they have neither side effects nor immunogenic reactions.   They are harmless and easy to handle. At the site of implantation, the remaining autologous living structures after complete biodegradation of the scaffolds have the ability to remodel, to adapt and to grow (Neuenschwander, 2004). The danger of the transmission of new infections and immunogenic reactions is minor as a result of utilization of autologous cells which lead to identical bioengineered tissues to host cells (Neuenschwander, 2004). Extracellular matrix material is formed by the cells after attachment and the polymer scaffold degrades (Fuchs et al., 2001). As shown in (Shinoka et al., 1995) mixed cell population of endothelial cells and from ovine arteries were isolated and separated from each other by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. An acetylated low-density lipoprotein marker was used to label endothelial cells. Myofibroblasts were seeded onto polyglycolic acid scaffolds which then seeded with endothelial cells. Before new tissues being regenerated, the degrading scaffold cannot tolerate pressures of the left ventricle (Vesely, 2005). Therefore, the constructs were implanted in sheep in place of the native right posterior leaflet of the pulmonary valve.   This approach results in trivial pulmonary regurgitation in autografts but moderate in allografts and doesn’t show stenosis (Shinoka et al., 1995). Repopulation is the less popular approach. Complex structure (collagen) is fabricated by manipulating biological molecules.   Prior to implanting, cleaning off the porcine aortic valve from cells is required, and leaving intact the connective tissue matrix. Then, the acellular matrix of the patients cells is repopulated, stimulated and thus result in creating a living tissue resemble to the native tissue (Vesely, 2005). Cellular sources: In tissue engineered valve applications, mesenchymal stem cells and differentiated tissue-specific cells (including circulating endothelial progenitor cells or smooth muscle cells) are the two main types used. They are harvested from either patients or experimental animals (Vesely, 2005). Stem cells along with the appropriate matrix are expected to provide a broader source of either autologous or allogenic cell lines once differentiated to the proper end point. Thus, they are beneficial for therapeutic use in the cardiovascular field (Vesely, 2005). Animals’ tissues such as canine and pigs are conducting in a research with variability in successful implantation.   Mesenchymal stem cells for TE of ECM scaffolds have been obtained from canine tissues. Also, due to presence of type 1 and IV collagen and fibronectin, ECM from pig’s tissues showed ability to grow to a single layer (Rashid et al., 2004). In most approaches, veins (saphenous vein) or peripheral arteries (radial artery, mammary artery) are efficient sources of cells. Mixed vascular cell populations give rise to myofibroblast and endothelial cells lines. myofibroplasts derived from arteries show decreased proliferation in monolayer culture and ECM formation when cultivated on three dimensional structure compared to cells obtained from veins (Neuenschwander, 2004). Another promising alternative source of heart valves can be derived from progenitor cells derived from peripheral blood and bone marrow cells (mesenchymal stem cells). MSC can be differentiated into different tissues, are easy to obtain, shows high proliferating capacity in vitro and faster growing than vascular derived cells. They produce well developed ECM after cultivation under bio-mimetic conditions (Neuenschwander, 2004). Biomaterials: There are two principal choices of scaffold; naturally or synthetic polymeric scaffolds. Exogenous ECM scaffolds are required to provide mechanical support until the target newly tissue is formed and become stable. Designing is based on the target cells population needed to implant at the injury or diseased sites. In vivo, they are degraded alongside the implanted functionally tissues grow and organize their matrix structure (Kim et al., 2010). Non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds serve as a temporary matrix for the seeded cells due to their own a highly porous microstructure that supply nutrients required for growth and necessary for waste removal. They possess structural integrity to withstand in vitro and in vivo loading. The most widely used in HVE are polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA) and their copolymers (PGLA). PGA is highly resorbable, linear, a highly crystalline and have a high melting point. PLA reduce the rate of hydrolysis and have limited water uptake. In all of that, to facilitate tissue growth, growth factors are integrated in the scaffold. However, a number of disadvantages must be overcome; slow or incomplete degradation that cause inflammation, limited nutrients and oxygen delivery to deep cells and fibrosis (scar) occupied the space formed after scaffold degradation (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). Natural scaffold composed of decellularized xenograft or allograft tissue or ECM components such as collagen or fibrin (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). Fibrin gel scaffold can be designed into a valve structure to form a biodegradable, autologous scaffold.   Blood is the source of fibrin gel and mould into autologous manner to work against immunogenicity. Seeding cells into fibrin scaffold results in good tissue development with viable fibroblast. However, fibrin scaffold would lack mechanical strength (Knight, 2004). Furthermore, in a process similar to the contraction of a wound healing, cells entrapped in collagen gels compact the gel, improve their property and increase density (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). But, any scaffold made from collagen alone would like to degenerate very quickly due to in vivo forces affected heart valves (Knight, 2004). Moreover, hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan polymer with a repeating disaccharide structure and being used as biocompatible material ECM scaffold. It imparts viscoelastic properties and applies pressure that gives tissues compressive resistance (Vesely, 2005). Sterilization methods: Several methods are used to sterile materials utilized in process of seeding and tissue harvesting. 1) Dry heat sterilization in which items are placed in an oven for one hour at 160T to be sterilized by dry heat. 2) Moist heat sterilization is used to autoclave objects and solutions not suitable for dry heat sterilization for 20 minutes at 121 T, 15 pounds per square inch (psi). 3) 0.2ptm filters are used to sterilize solutions not suitable for autoclaving (Knight, 2004). Pre-clinical trials: Animal model is an essential part of biomedical research to approve tissue engineered devices by FDA in order to carry on clinical trials. Using animal tissues as sources relies on many factors; cost, ethical considerations, availability and the nature of the tested tissue. In Zilla study (Zilla et al., 1994), baboons were used to study the proliferation of seeding (endothelial cells) EC on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. Compared to the control of unseeded graft, seeded graft showed persistent confluent EC layer through time with the aid of fibrin glue enriched with RGD (Zilla et al., 1994). Due to similar anatomy and physiology to that of humans, pigs have been used widely for experimental study. Also, they are cooperative without general anesthesia. They are capable of rabid growth so limiting the time required for TE construct (Rashid et al., 2004). Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold was treated by sodium hydroxide and modified seeded bovine SMC and EC were used by Niklason and co-workers in after 24 days of implantation in swine model. Ovine and caprine are also models to study TE due to large size and easy access to the carotid artery in the long neck. They can be used for long term study because adult animal can’t grow (Rashid et al., 2004). In a number of researches, sheep model was used widely but ordained for failure as a result of exuberant fibrotic response to implants (Vesely, 2005). Compared to humans, implants grow rapidly with fibrotic tissue in sheep (Schoen, 2011). In preclinical testing, the choice of animal model is a challenge owing to immunologic considerations (Mendelson and Schoen, 2006). Biomechanical culture: Various parameters determine the optimal conditioning protocols; the scaffold, the magnitude and types of mechanical cues, the sensitivity of cell to the used scaffolds. Bioreactors in TEHV have been developed to improve tissue formation, organization and functions and to stimulate dynamic mechanical of the TEHV. Moreover, to mimic native excitation-contraction coupling, electrical stimulation has been used. Additionally, to mimic the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, a diastolic pulse duplicator bioreactor has been developed which result in dynamic tissue straining (Sacks et al., 2009). Commercialized products: In October 2000, CE Mark approved use of the CryoLife Synergraft. It was similar to decellularization matrix approach by removing cellular antigens using extraction and dissolution. It was expected to sound mechanically as acellular matrix. Unfortunately, complications related to stenosis, inflammation and valve rupture result in death and thus withdrew from the market (Vesely, 2005). Challenges: Till date, no EHV constructs have been commercialized. Before translation of the construct to patients, numerous steps must be considered and assured laboratory.   For example; ethical issues, safety, efficacy and quality of the product should be evaluated. Additionally, medical devices interactions results such as; thrombosis, infection and inflammation will have to be accepted. There is a need to develop tools to monitor the fate of transplanted and endogenous cells, biomarkers to evaluate the patients variability to implantation. in all of that, suitable approach is required that ensure efficiency and safety (Schoen, 2011). Conclusion: Three main issues determine the success of tissue engineered heart valve; 1) sources of cells, 2) the (matrix) scaffold that serves as a guiding structure and determines the three dimensional shapes of tissue development and cell attachment and 3) the optimal culturing condition for cell growth. State of art of TEHV today is still on research, significant challenges must be solved before start in clinical application. REFERENCES: FUCHS, J. R., NASSERI, B. A. VACANTI, J. P. 2001. Tissue engineering: a 21st century solution to surgical reconstruction. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 72, 577-591. HJORTNAES, J., BOUTEN, C. V. C., VAN HERWERDEN, L. A., GRUNDEMAN, P. F. KLUIN, J. 2009. Translating autologous heart valve tissue engineering from bench to bed. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 15, 307-317. KIM, B. S., PARK, I. K., HOSHIBA, T., JIANG, H. L., CHOI, Y. J., AKAIKE, T. CHO, C. S. 2010. Design of artificial extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. Progress in Polymer Science. KNIGHT, R. L. 2004. Development of methods for the tissue engineering of cardiac valves using mesenchymal stem cells. MATSUMURA, G. 2003. Successful application of tissue engineered vascular autografts: clinical experience. Biomaterials, 24, 2303-2308. MENDELSON, K. SCHOEN, F. J. 2006. Heart Valve Tissue Engineering: Concepts, Approaches, Progress, and Challenges. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 34, 1799-1819. MOL, A., SMITS, A. I. P. M., BOUTEN, C. V. C. BAAIJENS, F. 2009. Tissue engineering of heart valves: advances and current challenges. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 6, 259-275. NEUENSCHWANDER, S. 2004. Heart valve tissue engineering. Transplant Immunology, 12, 359-365. RASHID, S. T., SALACINSKI, H. J., HAMILTON, G. SEIFALIAN, A. M. 2004. The use of animal models in developing the discipline of cardiovascular tissue engineering: a review. Biomaterials, 25, 1627-1637. SACKS, M. S., SCHOEN, F. J. MAYER JR, J. E. 2009. Bioengineering challenges for heart valve tissue engineering. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 11, 289-313. SCHOEN, F. J. 2011. Heart valve tissue engineering: quo vadis? Current Opinion in Biotechnology. SHINOKA, T., BREUER, C. K., TANEL, R. E., ZUND, G., MIURA, T., MA, P. X., LANGER, R., VACANTI, J. P. MAYER, J. E. 1995. Tissue engineering heart valves: valve leaflet replacement study in a lamb model. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 60, S513-S516. VESELY, I. 2005. Heart valve tissue engineering. Circulation research, 97, 743. ZILLA, P., PREISS, P., GROSCURGH, P., Rà ¶SEMEIER, F., DEUTSCH, M., ODELL, J., HEIDINGER, C., FASOL, R. VON OPPELL, U. 1994. In vitro-lined endothelium: initial integrity and ultrastructural events. Surgery, 116, 524-534.

Can terror ever be legitimately employed in conflict Discuss with Essay

Can terror ever be legitimately employed in conflict Discuss with reference to examples - Essay Example During World War II, both the Allies and the Axis used terror as a weapon of winning the war. Different debates have questioned the legitimacy of using terror as a weapon for ending conflicts. Terrorism is viewed to bring negative effects to a nation; this is because in attaining its main objective, the central target is the civilians (Herman 2008, p. 13). Although it brings negative impacts to a nation, sometimes use of terror benefits the nation. For instance, it can assist in the acquisition of freedom. This was the case in South Africa during the time of Apartheid. Apartheid was abolished through the use of terror. Although war is thought to be associated with vast negative effects, sometimes violence can bring positive results to a group or a nation. In this paper, I will discuss whether terror can be legitimately employed in conflicts. According to different researchers, legitimating of terror is justifiable in some cases. In extreme cases, where democratic and peaceful methods have been exhausted, it is justified and legitimate to resort to terror. In situations of suffering and repression, with a ruthless, oppressive state and no possibility of having international relief, it is necessary to resort to violence in order to defend the citizens. A state engaging and using terror in order to fight and rescue its citizens uses terror in a legitimate and justified manner (Coady 2010, p. 21). It is the function of a state to protect its people without fear; hence, if the use of terror remains the only option for the state to use in order to fight for its people, it would be interpreted as necessary and justifiable. Each person or minority group has a right in expressing discontentment in a certain issue of concern. The state has the role of representing its people and should make facilitation of this possibility. In addition, it is

Torturing terrorist by the goverment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Torturing terrorist by the goverment - Article Example Suspects of terrorism are expected to provide the government with intelligence information on the whereabouts of their gangs, sympathizers and financiers. However, to extract this information from them always become the problem. This is because most of these suspects are under oath to protect the activities of their groups. For example, most of them opt to commit suicide rather than having to be interrogated by the authorities. Concealing this information, therefore, renders a big blow to governments counter-terrorism activities. Proposals have for this reason been forwarded encouraging governments to use more force on the suspects and this involves the application of torture to the suspects. This, however, has human rights implications besides the expected outcomes. This means that in the face of the society, the human rights organizations and the international community, torturing terrorism suspects have pros and cons. Applying torture to terrorism suspects have advantages. First, torture to terrorism suspects has not been covered in the Geneva Convention report on the treatment of prisoners of war. Further, the convention only prohibits torture in the culprits own soil. When happening in another country, torture is thus legally acceptable. Secondly, treating terrorism with diplomacy only makes the situation worse. When the dignity of the suspects is respected as proposed by humanitarian organizations the terrorists are even more encouraged to make attacks. In addition, new members have no reproach joining the terror groups. This is as opposed to a torture situation in which case even those who have the intentions of joining such groups become discouraged. This slowly weakens the group and makes it unable to conduct attacks in future. Thirdly, the fight against terrorism often requires the people to make a choice between two evils. To use torture to compel disclosure of intelligent information,

Understanding Attitudes and Behavior Essay Example for Free

Understanding Attitudes and Behavior Essay The results support three out of the four hypotheses. The subscales knowledge, affect, intended behaviour and actual behaviour have a significant correlation, that is a change in one generates changes in another. Finding that knowledge is significant could be because the participants are University students and are likely to have a greater depth of general knowledge that the norm. On the other hand having a low knowledge score could be irrelevant to the actual behaviour. This is the conclusion of Maloney et als` study. Another consideration is maybe the hypothesis is wrong; knowledge could be significant in the ecological behaviour of an individual. Maloney et al did not find a correlation but Yule and Knussen (1998) did although to a lesser degree than the other subscales. It might be that it is not the specific knowledge across the spectrum of ecological issues that prompts to action. The items used may have had no relevance in the pro environmental attitude of the participant. Breadth of knowledge may lack significance however having a general, superficial knowledge of the subject or a deep knowledge of a specific area might correlate. In psychology it is generally regarded that knowledge of a subject has no significance with actual behaviour however it is unlikely that one would act to preserve the environment without some knowledge however unclear to prompt to action, especially in areas where recycling involves more effort than separating the items and putting them out for collection. Although there may be a smaller correlation with the other subscales it could be that knowledge is indeed significant but results may be forthcoming only when the inventory tackles the areas the pro-environmentalist is interested in and has a greater knowledge, e.g. a person may decide to recycle because they wish to conserve earths natural resources whereas another may do so because pollution kills. Both may recycle but for different reasons and their knowledge could be in-depth in separate but related areas. Possible behaviour needs a certain amount of knowledge to motivate but knowledge in itself does not necessarily activate behaviour. Ajzen and Fishbein concluded, from their studies, that traditional methods of attitude measurements were flawed but possibly modern attitude and behaviour measurements are also flawed. Perhaps when building the items to be used for the attitude measurement there would be a need to fit the items to particular social groups e. g. lower working class or long term unemployed may not buy environmentally friendly products as they are too expensive for a limited budget. Perhaps their contribution to recycling goes as far as reusing supermarket carriers as nappy sacks, using empty jars for home made jam, buying second hand goods, or using food scraps for humus in the garden but it is still recycling and is not included in CALECOL. Likewise a person with limited finances may have no way to get any items to a recycling point as a lot of local councils do not have collection days for recyclable goods. Their actual behaviour score would be reduced as a result of this biased slant to those that are financially able to buy environmentally friendly products. In the CALECOL Inventory (see appendix ii) there are a few items that may be irrelevant to certain areas of the population and as a result give a distorted score. For example actual behaviour subscale item 4 and intended behaviour item 9 12 mentions politics and environmental issues. Some religions actually prohibit voting for political parties and this item would affect the scoring. Transport difficulties mean taking items to be recycled is not possible for a lot of people(Item 9, actual behaviour. This Inventory is also biased towards the able bodied. Some environmentalists are disabled and unable to get out to clean up, use public transport, deliver leaflets or take items to a recycling point. This highlights the problems with measuring attitudes using inventories. The items used cannot be measured on everyone and therefore gives an unrealistic evaluation of their attitudes and the relationship to their behaviour. Age may affect the scores as most young people live at home and their actual behaviour may largely be under the control of their parents. So they may have the knowledge, strength of feeling and intention to be ecological but lack the means e. g. they will not usually decide which products to buy for the home or whether to recycle items. Age may also be a significant factor in revealing a correlation between the subscales. It would be interesting to find out if say the 18 24 age group subscales scores are significantly lower than the 36 44 age group. The evidence from this small study was that it might be as it was mostly the older members of the class that had the highest scores. This could be because as one ages one might ponder on the consequences of ones actions more. Pollution could be directly affecting their children and parents might want to make a contribution to their offsprings future environment. Another area that could be investigated is location. Do rural areas recycle more than towns or cities? What role does local social norms play in recycling behaviour? Measurement scales could be tailored to suit a particular class of individual, whether grouped by area, social class, disabled etc, to gain a more realistic measurement of their attitude. As attitudes are hypothetical constructs, theories and investigations will continue to be made. Through time, no doubt, measurement scales will grow more sophisticated in their search to accurately measure attitude components and their links with actual behaviour but without tailoring it is unlikely that all the items in an attitude inventory will apply to all participants in equal measure. REFERENCES Ajzen, I. , Fishbein, M. (1982). Understanding Attitudes and Behavior, Theoretical Implications. In J. C. Brigham, L. S. Wrightsman (ED. ), Contemporary Issues in Psychology (4th ED), pp127 137. Monterey, California, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Aijzen, I. , Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Cited in Zimbargo and Leippe, (1991). The Psychology of Attitude and Social Influence. United States of America, McGraw Hill Maloney, M. P. , Ward, M. O. Braucht, C. N. (1975). A revised scale for the measurement of ecological attitudes and knowledge. American Psychologist, 30, 787-790

Computer Information Systems :: Computers Technology Training Careers Essays

Computer Information Systems It is essential for every company to look into types of training. In the day and age that we live in technology and computer information systems are always changing. By the time people learn new information there is something else new to learn. This has been evident throughout history. There will always be the need to for companies to train employees. Many companies rely on computer information systems that work with human relations, marketing, and other essential departments in the company. For many businesses, the computer information systems have become a necessity. In order to compete and grow many companies rely on theses systems. They have proven to be great investments when successfully implemented. As a company expands its business to use computer information systems, there is a need to train staff, and in many instances hire experienced people. Even if the new staff knows all about computer information systems, it is highly recommended that other employees become familiar with the new type of business. This is important so the employees can be agile without the need to train new people. Many areas of training go along with having computer information systems. Some of these areas are web development, graphics, database management, operations management, and marketing. All of these areas are taught in various training courses. Some of the topics require vast amounts of training, such as graphics and database management. On the other hand, much of the web maintenance can be done easily and without much training. When deciding on the type of training, many factors must be taken into account. It is up to management what types of training they should use based on time, money, and many other factors. In real world cases there have been failures with the implementation of computer information systems, whether they were ERP or any other type of system. It is essential for management to take the necessary precautions and steps in order to have a successful immersion of the new system. Possible Computer Information System Training Methods There are many ways that a company can train its employees. When the decision is made that training is needed, one might chose to hire a company to come in and train the employees. This is referred to as onsite training. Many companies do this and many advantages are associated with it for example, the company keeps the employees on site and removes the need to travel.

External environment for banking industry Essay

Standard Chartered is the world’s leading emerging markets bank headquartered in London. Standard Chartered employs 30,000 people in over 500 locations in more than 50 countries in the Asia Pacific Region, South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, the United Kingdom and the Americas. It is one of the world’s most international banks, with a management team comprising 70 nationalities. Standard Chartered has been committed to Hong Kong and China for nearly 150 years. Standard Chartered Bank opened its first branch in China in 1858 and is the oldest foreign bank in the country. The Bank has operated in Hong Kong since 1859 and has been issuing Hong Kong banknotes since 1862. Standard Chartered PLC listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong in 2002. The bank is listed on both the London Stock Exchange and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and is in the top 25 FTSE-100 companies, by market capitalization. It serves both Consumer and Wholesale Banking customers. Consumer Banking provides credit cards, personal loans, mortgages, deposit taking and wealth management services to individuals and small to medium sized enterprises. Wholesale Banking provides corporate and institutional clients with services in trade finance, cash management, lending, custody, foreign exchange, debt capital markets and corporate finance. Standard Chartered is well-established in growth markets and aims to be the right partner for its customers. The Bank combines deep local knowledge with global capability. The Bank is trusted across its network for its standard of governance and its commitment to making a difference in the communities in which it operates. The new millennium has brought with it two of the largest acquisitions in the history of the bank with the purchase of Grindlays Bank from the ANZ Group and the acquisition of the Chase Consumer Banking operations in Hong Kong in 2000. These acquisitions demonstrate Standard Chartered firm committed to the emerging markets, where it has a strong and established presence and where it foresees future growth. With the acquisition of ANZ Banking Group, StanChart became the largest foreign bank in terms of branch network and profitability in India. The merged entity has a combined network of 61  branches and 74 ATMs across 15 cities of the country. Understanding the global, political, technological and socio-cultural segments of its environment is obviously critical to Stanchart’s success. It has acquired companies in order to consolidate its global operations; operates in 50 countries; seeks to display environmental and social responsibility; and deals with communications technology. It strives to take advantage of opportunities in the dynamic environment, the need to deal innovatively with new acquisitions, the problem of reframing the public’s view of banking and ongoing cut throat competition from other commercial banks and non banking entities. The bank therefore has to make clear the communication challenge and make clear the global nature of its operations to the wider community, governments and the population at large. Research evidence suggests that external environment affects a firm’s growth and profitability over time. Changes in political, regulatory features, the strength of different nations’ economies at different times, and the emergence of new technologies are a few examples of conditions in the external environment that are affecting banks like StanChart and several other firms throughout the world whether in manufacturing or services sector. The companies in attractive environments perform better than the companies that are in less attractive environments. Therefore strategy development is about ‘fit’ i.e. identifying opportunities in the environment and building strategy matching resource capabilities to those opportunities. The resources and competences of organizations also play an important role as they explain the differences between organizations, potential uniqueness and therefore superior performance. The ‘stretch’ view argues that strategies should be built on the unique competences and resources of an organization by seeking out markets in which competences have special value or by trying to create new markets on the basis of such competences Another consideration is the stakeholders of company. Organizations have different stakeholders (shareholders, customers, employees, government) who have expectations of the organizations and may exercise considerable influence and power over the strategy to be followed As said earlier, the external environment plays an important role for banks. Most of the external factors are beyond the control of a bank. The factors such as competition; political, economical, legal, government rules and regulations influence the firm’s choice of direction and action and also affect the internal environment of a bank. The external environment influences a company’s strategic options as well as the decisions made in light of them. The firm’s understanding of the external environment is matched with knowledge about its internal environment. Matching the conditions of the two environments is the foundation the firm needs to form its strategic intent, to develop its strategic mission, and to take strategic actions in the pursuit of strategic competitiveness and above-average returns. The external environment encapsulates many different influences which makes the tasks of CEOs more difficult. Identifying the different environmental influences though makes sense, is not very much useful as the overall picture of these influences does not emerge. The second difficulty is that of the speed of change. The impact of technological changes on businesses is much faster than ever before. Technology has transformed the way in which the banking business is carried out. In addition the competitive pressures are also driving more banks to diversify their product range in response to market demands. We can broadly categorize this environment into two types: remote environment and operating environment. Remote environment: This environment consists of a set of forces that originate beyond a firm’s operating environment. This comprises of political, economic, social, technological and industrial forces which create opportunities, threats and constraints to the firm. For example macroeconomic instability in an economy characterized by chronic inflation, fiscal imbalances and periodic balance-of-payments crises also affect all the banks. Operating environment: The operating environment involves the factors that provide many of the challenges a bank is facing when attempting to attract  or acquire essential resources or when striving to profitably market its goods and services in the immediate competitive position, customer profile, reputation among suppliers and creditors and accessible labor market. The operating environment is also called the competitive or task environment. Hence by considering conditions in the operating environment business can be much more proactively planned. An organization’s external environment is shown in the figure below. The figure depicts the firm’s business area, remote environment and the operating environment cutting into an area of total external environmental impact on the firm. In the banking industry if the Reserve Bank increases the reserve requirements for the commercial banks it would affect all the banking companies in the economy. This is an operational risk. Over the past two decades, commercial banks across the globe have aggressively repositioned themselves to compete under new economic, technological, and regulatory conditions. These institutions are no longer protected by regulatory entry barriers, and are confronted with a marked transformation in telecommunications and computer technology. Banks can no longer rely on traditional banking models and therefore have invested huge amounts of resources in the search for new competitive strategies. While many of these attempts had fruitless results, the most successful strategic innovations have set a new paradigm in banking and have changed the way banks compete. The manner in which commercial banks currently underwrite their loans, finance their activities, grow their franchises, distribute their services and market their images can hardly be compared to ones that bankers adopted in 1970s. Coming to the regulatory environment, banks still do not compete in a completely unregulated environment. Regulations continue to shape banking strategies for example, in US, the federally insured deposits are the basis of community bank business strategy. The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) loans are a mandatory for all banks (in India, priority sector credit is mandatory for all commercial banks, this would be dealt in detail in subsequent pages). Investment decisions of every bank are influenced by capital regulations. The system of multiple regulators can affect the choice  of organizational form of banking companies. While most banks are regulated by the RBI (Reserve Bank of India), some are under dual control of government and RBI. In India, all banks are subject to RBI’s regulation but the framework is not uniform in the sense that public sector banks, cooperative banks, and private banks are governed by significant differences and not all of them have access to the payments system. The Department of Company Affairs (DCA) regulates the deposit taking activities of non-banking non- financial companies and also some activities of Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs). SEBI regulates the capital markets and supervises stock exchanges, mutual funds, securities dealers and brokers, merchant bankers, credit rating agencies and venture capital funds. Companies in the insurance sector are regulated by IRDA. Banks are permitted to be involved in insurance activity through joint ventures/equity participation/selling agency type arrangements. Thus, the object of regulation itself is susceptible to some overlap. Several scandals in banks have led regulators to make increased informational demands on banks. As banking markets grow more concentrated, anti-trust laws may increasingly limit the scale and scope of bank mergers. At a minimum, regulation is simply a fixed cost that must be borne by banks, which does not influence a bank’s behavior. At the other extreme, and perhaps in a more realistic situation, regulation can significantly affect banks’ strategic choices and influence competition in financial markets. Innovations introduced in the markets are often driven by, and in some cases succeed exclusively because of the prevailing regulatory environment. Similarly, commercial banks’ competitive strategies are shaped by both new technologies, and the limitations of technology. Retail banking had traditionally been built around the paper-based payments, but IT has created new strategic possibilities for it. Electronic delivery of banking services can reduce a bank’s overhead costs to a great extent. However abandoning bank branches can also give rise to disastrous strategic costs. New technologies have a led to a great transformation in the risk management practices of commercial banks, but application of such techniques may also create some unforeseen new risks. After generations of technological stasis  in the banking industry, the ongoing rapid pace of technological change has made â€Å"strategic innovation† a viable competitive strategy for banks.

To Kill A Mockingbird Stock Market Analysis - 907 Words

The story To Kill A Mockingbird is about a lawyer named Atticus defending a black man named Tom Robinson in a poor country full of racism. His kids Scout and Jem are being taking care of by a black lady named Calpurnia. Atticus want’s everyone to be treated equally. Harper Lee, author of To Kill A Mockingbird, gives the reader a gist of the 1930’s in many ways using real life situations. Harper Lee describes life during the 1930’s by comparing Maycomb to the Stock Market. In the book To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee shows how Atticus is not worried about money even tho he and his town is poor. Harper Lee shows this when Mr.Cunningham a poor white man in Maycomb paid Atticus with wood. Atticus took it with no questions or complaints. The†¦show more content†¦Tom Robinson case was similar because he was falsely accused of raping a poor white lady just as those 9 boys were falsely accused of raping 2 white women. Mob leaders threatened to break out the nine boys in Scottsboro, Alabama and take them if the sheriff refused to let them get them like Attics did with Tom. In Harper Lees story, the Old Sarum Bunch threatens Atticus at the jailhouse because they want Tom Robinson handed over to them but Attics refuses. Tom Robinson was found guilty even though he was not guilty. Atticus proved that he was innocent, but since the county was prejudice the Judge put Tom on a jury death penalty. Atticus was trying so hard to defend Tom, but his county didn’t like Atticus taking up for tom which caused Bob Ewell to spit in his face. In the Scottsboro case the 9 boys was proved innocent but since the judge was prejudiced the kids were put into prison just like Tom Robinson in To Kill A Mockingbird. With the cases being alike with the men the women were alike to because they were actually raped by white men but tried to cover it up by blaming it on a black man because the women knew that the men and boys were going to be put into prison. Moreover it shows how people in the 1930’s acted towards white lawyers defending a black man. Harper Lee also shows how everyone is Separate yet Equal. In the story black and white people arent as equal as they should be. This is said because in the 1930’s was when blacksShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee Essay3689 Words   |  15 PagesWhat it Means to Kill a Mocking Bird: an in depth analysis of the morals in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Subject: Category 1 Test Session: May 2016 Sami Aranki Diploma Charter Oak High School Word count of essay: 3,384 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract